How Strong Are Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries? Tests at Extreme Temperatures, Drops, and Punctures Reveal All!
Sep 22 2022

Many people think that lithium iron phosphate batteries are unsafe, as they sometimes read news of batteries burning or even exploding. They also think batteries are fragile and potential safety hazards, and won’t be able to be safely recharged when in very cold temperatures.


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In fact, the root cause of many of these safety hazards is the thermal runaway inside the battery. Additionally, external factors including overcharging, storing and operating near fire sources, extrusions, punctures and short circuits can also lead to safety problems. In order to avoid the harm caused by these problems, it is worthwhile to conduct corresponding safety tests on lithium iron phosphate battery packs.


Now, let's test the performance of RECREEN lithium iron phosphate batteries in extreme temperatures and unexpected circumstances.


130℃ High Temperature Test


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Battery cells are baked at a temperature of 130℃ in a constant temperature oven to test the lithium iron phosphate battery in rapid and extreme high-temperature changes. Test Results: battery cells do not catch fire, explode, or leak.


-7℃ Low Temperature Test


The design that lithium battery cannot be charged below 0℃ is to protect the lithium battery. At low temperatures, lithium ions easily form lithium crystals on the negative electrode sheet, which is the so-called "lithium precipitation". The deposition of lithium crystals will puncture the separator and cause a short circuit in the battery and damage the battery. 


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RECREEN ENERGY's second-generation smart lithium iron phosphate batteries are engineered to protect and insulate resistance wires with a protective layer made of a thermally conductive silicone cloth, and the leading wire output is constructed of silicone. These materials keep batteries friendly to human health and the environment.


All insulation except the highland barley paper plastic pad are inline with UL94, the flammability standard for plastic materials, and the unit’s flame retardant performance reaches V0 level, which is very safe. The heating film can work effectively in temperatures from -40℃ to 150℃. Using the rated DC voltage, the heating film will heat up and provide a suitable and reliable working environment for the battery pack. If used in a recommended environment, the battery has a service life of more than 8 years.


When the minimum temperature of the lithium battery cell goes lower than 5℃ and the battery undercharges, the heating film starts to heat the battery and then stops heating when it reaches 10℃, prolonging the battery’s service life. At the same time, the heating film function does not take power from the battery itself, and instead uses external charging to power the film. All this adds up to a problem-free battery experience that can handle the worst winter throws at it! 


Battery Drop Test - 1.2m


RECREEN has conducted both a battery cell and whole battery drop tests. The battery cell drop test checks the impact resistance of the battery cell in response to external forces during transportation and carrying. The whole battery drop test measures the ability of the product to resist accidental drop shocks during transportation and storage. 


We fully charged the battery cells according to industry standards and dropped them from a height of 1.2m to test. The battery was then observed for 1 hour.


The battery test was performed multiple times according to the drop method on one corner, three sides and six surface faces of the battery. 


Corner Drop: After dropping, the test corner hits the contact plane;


Side Drop: Tilted the bottom surface of the sample to a horizontal angle of 20°, then raised to the test height and dropped, its side hitting the contact plane;


Surface Drop: Dropped, surface hitting the contact surface directly.


After the drop test, the battery cell was completely intact and did not leak, catch fire, explode or experience any larger concussive damage. 


Puncturing Test


The puncture test is the most rigorous and difficult type of vehicle power battery safety test. Currently, there are more than 300 test methods in the battery field, and the puncture test is still recognized as the most difficult to pass . Some call it the Mount Everest of battery safety tests.


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In the puncture test a steel needle is used to pierce the battery electrode plate, instantly triggering the battery’s internal short circuit and causing a thermal runaway inside the battery. The reaction of the battery is then observed to verify the battery performance in thermal runaway conditions. 


The battery’s thermal runaway refers to the heat production rate of the chemical reaction inside the battery is much higher than the unit’s heat dissipation rate. In the event of an excess accumulation of heat inside the unit, the battery temperature can rise rapidly and possibly catch fire or explode. Therefore, the puncture test has extremely high requirements for the safety and quality of lithium batteries. Manufacturers who do not have full confidence in the development and manufacture of their own lithium batteries sometimes choose to avoid this test rather than risk a record of their own battery failure. 


In the RECREEN puncture test, we fully charged the battery cells according to industry standards and then started the puncture test device, a φ5mm-φ8mm high temperature-resistant steel needle  (the cone angle of the needle tip is 45°-60°, and the needle surface is smooth, free of rust, oxide layer and oil stains) is used to pierce the battery from the direction perpendicular to the battery plates and at a speed of 25±5mm/s, and with a puncturing position kept close to the geometric center of the pierced surface. The steel puncturing needle was kept in the battery and observed for 1 hour.


After testing, the battery’s cells remained stable and no leaks, fires, exploding or larger concussive damage was observed. 


These tests were designed to simulate extreme conditions, but we expect the batteries will rarely if ever reach temperatures as high as 130℃ during daily use. Moreover, RECREEN ENERGY has invested heavily in independent research and development into the core design of the battery management system, including several battery core patents. Our integrated smart battery management system (BMS) protects the battery from various abnormal conditions, accurately monitors the charging/discharging process of each cell, and ensures consistently accurate data and safety.


If you have any questions about these tests or want more information about our lithium iron phosphate batteries, please contact us via Email: howard@recreen.com



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